Photo illustration by John Lyman

Hindu Nationalism, the BJP, Bollywood and Bombay Dons

In the grand theater of Indian politics, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), led by Narendra Modi, India’s Hindu nationalist prime minister, has scripted a narrative as gripping as any Bollywood blockbuster. Set against the glittering backdrop of Mumbai’s wealth, the ascent of billionaire empires, and a surging wave of nationalist fervor, this tale intertwines power, wealth, and influence in ways that subtly yet profoundly reshape India’s socio-political landscape. Beneath the surface, it hints at an intriguing and alarming behind-the-scenes transformation.

At the heart of this transformation is the BJP’s vision of a “Hindu Rashtra,” a concept deeply rooted in the ideology of “Hindutva.” This vision seeks to homogenize India’s diverse cultural and religious fabric into a singular Hindu identity. The BJP has masterfully harnessed Bollywood’s allure to propagate this narrative, embedding the idea of Hindu supremacy into the national consciousness. With its vast reach and emotional resonance, the film industry has become a potent vehicle for political messaging. Blockbuster films that glorify Hindu warriors while portraying Muslims as villains do more than entertain—they shape public opinion and fuel nationalist sentiments.

Protests in Australia against an Adani Group coal mine
Protests in Australia against an Adani Group coal mine. (John Englart)

Bollywood’s influence extends beyond the screen, permeating politics and society. Celebrities who publicly endorse the BJP’s narrative are often rewarded, while dissenters face backlash from the public and within the industry. Films like Border, Dil Se, New York, Kashmir Files, Lipstick Under My Burkha, Pathan, and the Tiger series, with their extremist narratives, blur the lines between cultural expression and political propaganda, fostering a climate where dissent is increasingly stifled.

This trend of promoting a pro-Hindutva agenda through cinema is part of a broader strategy where India’s cultural landscape becomes a battleground for ideological dominance. The BJP’s alliance with the country’s billionaire class is parallel to this cultural front, further cementing its power grip. Figures like Mukesh Ambani, Ratan Naval Tata, and Gautam Adani are more than just business magnates; they are key players in India’s political arena. Under Modi’s rule, the Adani Group, Adani’s business empire, has flourished, benefiting from policies that favor large conglomerates. This symbiotic relationship raises concerns about crony capitalism, where business interests dictate national policies, undermining the democratic process.

Anant Ambani, Mukesh Ambani’s oldest son, and Radhika Merchant’s wedding, a dazzling display of opulence, was more than a personal celebration—it was a grand stage for political networking and diplomatic maneuvering. With guests including Narendra Modi, former Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Jeff Bezos, and cinema icon Rajinikanth, the event underscored Ambani’s insatiable appetite for power and influence. This gathering of global elites was less about personal relationships and more about showcasing India’s might under BJP rule, with Mukesh Ambani as the perfect host to advance his business interests under the guise of national pride.

The guest list, a who’s who of global power brokers, signaled that the Ambani family are not just business tycoons but kingmakers in Modi’s India. This convergence of wealth and influence sends a clear message: in the new Hindu Rashtra, economic power and political clout are intertwined. The wedding was a microcosm of a broader strategy that leverages cultural diplomacy for financial gain, illustrating how the lines between statecraft and private enterprise have blurred. In a country grappling with deep socio-economic divides, the lavish affair highlighted the growing chasm between rich and poor, underscoring how the corridors of power increasingly become exclusive clubs for the wealthy and well-connected.

Bollywood star Salman Khan campaigning for Congress party candidate Milind Deora in Mumbai
Bollywood star Salman Khan campaigning for Congress party candidate Milind Deora in Mumbai. (Al Jazeera)

Ratan Naval Tata, another influential industrialist, aligns strategically with the BJP, lending the party a veneer of legitimacy and respectability. The Tata Group’s extensive investments and philanthropic efforts are frequently highlighted in the BJP’s narrative of a self-reliant and prosperous India. This alignment is not merely economic but deeply political, reinforcing the party’s image and expanding its influence.

The BJP’s influence extends globally, mainly through the Indian diaspora, where organizations like the Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh (HSS) and Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) actively promote the Hindutva agenda. The Indian diaspora, especially in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and the UAE, plays a crucial role in lobbying for India’s interests while disseminating Hindutva ideology. Events celebrating Indian culture abroad often prioritize Hindu religious themes, marginalizing the country’s pluralistic traditions and reinforcing a monolithic view of Indian identity.

This strategic propagation of Hindutva ideology has had significant repercussions, particularly in the form of rising Islamophobia. The BJP’s rhetoric often casts Muslims as the ‘other,’ fostering a climate of suspicion and hostility. Policies like the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the National Register of Citizens (NRC) have further alienated the Muslim community, triggering widespread protests and drawing international criticism.

The stereotypical depiction of Muslims in Bollywood not only perpetuates harmful biases but also fuels a cycle of Islamophobia, leading to increased marginalization and discrimination against Muslim communities. The ouster of Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and the consequent anti-India demonstrations across Bangladesh underscore the regional unease stoked by Hindutva. By aligning with the BJP’s polarizing rhetoric, Bollywood contributes to the erosion of social cohesion in a multicultural society like India.

India’s secular fabric, once a cornerstone of its democratic identity, is now fraying under the weight of this ideological onslaught. The BJP’s relentless push for a Hindu Rashtra blurs the lines between religion and state, undermining the secular principles enshrined in the country’s constitution. Religious symbols and practices are increasingly interwoven with state affairs, eroding the secular ethos that has long defined India.

The recent general elections underscored the fragility of India’s secular fabric. Despite significant losses in several key states, the BJP narrowly retained power, reflecting growing public discontent with its divisive policies and economic mismanagement. Yet despite this narrow victory, the party continues to stoke nationalist fervor, relying on cultural and religious narratives to maintain its grip on power.

Complicating this political landscape is the nexus between Bollywood, politics, and organized crime. The influence of Mumbai’s underworld within the film industry and its connections to political figures form a shadowy undercurrent that facilitates the flow of money and influence. This clandestine network perpetuates corruption and reinforces the power structures supporting the BJP’s agenda. Often complicit in this grand narrative, the media tends to gloss over these murky connections, focusing instead on the spectacle of celebrity and wealth, thus creating a sanitized reality.

The BJP’s policies have also strained India’s relationships with global allies. The rise of Hindu nationalism and the increase in communal violence have raised concerns among international observers. Countries that once viewed India as a stable and secular partner are now wary of its direction under Modi’s leadership. The situation in Bangladesh has been particularly challenging, and tensions with neighboring Pakistan have escalated. India’s relationships with other South Asian nations have become more complicated, with its Hindu nationalist agenda alienating allies who value secularism and inclusivity, potentially isolating India on the global stage.

In this intricate interplay of politics, culture, and commerce, the BJP has adeptly harnessed the power of Bollywood and the influence of billionaires to craft a compelling narrative. Yet this narrative, while dazzling, conceals deeper issues of inequality, discrimination, and divisive politics that threaten to unravel the pluralistic fabric of the nation. The challenge for India lies in navigating this complex landscape, reclaiming its secular identity, and addressing the socio-economic disparities that underlie the glittering facade of its political and cultural renaissance.

As India stands at this crossroads, the interplay of Bollywood glamour, billionaire influence, and political ambition will continue to shape its destiny. The real test will be whether the nation can see through the dazzling illusions and confront the underlying realities, forging a path that honors its rich diversity and upholds the democratic values that are its true strength.